수동태 5분만에 익히기 - 2탄(4형식 수동태)

이 글을 읽지 않으면 영어 실력을 놓치는 것입니다.  4 형식 문장을 마스터하면 자연스러운 표현과 자신감을 얻을 수 있습니다. 지금 바로 읽고, 4 형식 문장을 쉽게 만들어 보세요!!

 

수동태 5분만에 익히기

 

 

4 형식 수동태의 기본 구조

 

→ 4 형식 수동태는 크게 두 가지 방식으로 전환이 가능합니다.

 

a) 간접목적어를 주어로 사용하는 경우

능동태: 주어 + 동사 + 간접목적어 + 직접목적어
수동태: 간접목적어 + be동사 + 과거분사 + 직접목적어 + by + 행위자

 

b) 직접목적어를 주어로 사용하는 경우

능동태: 주어 + 동사 + 간접목적어 + 직접목적어
수동태: 직접목적어 + be동사 + 과거분사 + to/for + 간접목적어 + by + 행위자

 

 

 

 

주요 예문 분석

 

    1. 능동태: The teacher gave me a book.

• 간접목적어 수동태: I was given a book by the teacher.
• 직접목적어 수동태: A book was given to me by the teacher.

 

    2. 능동태: My mother sent him a letter.

• 간접목적어 수동태: He was sent a letter by my mother.
• 직접목적어 수동태: A letter was sent to him by my mother.

 

   3. 능동태: The company offered John a job.

• 간접목적어 수동태: John was offered a job by the company.
• 직접목적어 수동태: A job was offered to John by the company.

 

   4. 능동태: The school awarded her a scholarship.

• 간접목 적어 수동태: She was awarded a scholarship by the school.
• 직접목적어 수동태: A scholarship was awarded to her by the school.

 

  5. 능동태: My friend bought me a present.

• 간접목적어 수동태: I was bought a present by my friend.
• 직접목적어 수동태: A present was bought for me by my friend.

 

  6. 능동태: The manager showed us the new office.

• 간접목적어 수동태: We were shown the new office by the manager.
• 직접목적어 수동태: The new office was shown to us by the manager.

 

전치사 to를 쓰는 동사	give, send, show, hand, offer, bring, tell, write,tell
전치사 for를 쓰는 동사	buy, make, cook, build, get
전치사 of를 쓰는 동사	ask, inquire

 

 

✅ 4 형식은 직접목적어를 이용해 수동태로 전환할 시 각 동사에 맞는 전치사를 반드시 써야 되니 꼭 각 동사에 맞는 전치사를 암기해야 합니다.!!!

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4 형식 수동태에서 꼭 확인해야 하는 파트

 

직접목적어만 수동태 가능	• bring • buy • cook • sell • read  • write	• She buys him a gift. → He is bought a gift by her. (X) → A gift is bought for him by her. (O) • She made him a cake . → He was made a cake by her. (X) → A cake was made for him by her.(O)
간접목적어만 수동태 가능	• call • cost • envy • forgive • save	• They called her a princess. → She was called a princess.(O) → A princess was called to her.(X) • Jennie forgave him his mistake. → He was forgiven his mistake.(O) → His mistake was forgiven to him.(X)

 

 

 

✅  핵심 포인트

 

1. 동사 성격부터 Check!
   • 간접목적어만 OK: cost, call, forgive처럼 "누구에게 무엇을"에서 "누구에게"가 앞으로!
   • 직접목적어만 OK: buy, make, cook처럼 "무엇을 누구에게"에서 "무엇을"이 앞으로!
2. 주어 자리에 올 놈 정하기
   • 누구에게? → "I was called..." (O) / "A doll was called..." (X)
   • 무엇을? → "The cake was cooked..." (O) / "I was cooked..." (X)
3. 'To'가 필요할 때, 잊지 않기!
   • 직접목적어가 주어로 튀어나오면, 보통 'to'가 따라붙어요!
   • "The problem was explained to me."
4. 과거인지, 지금인지, 똑같이!
   • 원래 문장이 과거면, 수동태도 과거! 현재면, 수동태도 현재!
   • "She teaches me." → "I am taught." / "She taught me." → "I was taught."
5. 어색한 낌새를 눈치채기!
   • "I was explained..." 왠지 어색하죠? explain은 안 돼요!
   • "English was taught..." 이것도 부자연스러워요! teach도 안 돼요!

이 5가지만 기억하면 4 형식 수동태, 문제없어요! 👍

 

 

 

4형식 수동태 만들기

 

 

 

 

함께 보면 좋은 글

 

수동태 5분만에 익히기 -1탄